Fellowships

Kaynak: Usmleweb
Baglantı Adresi : www.usmleweb.com/fellowship.html

Fellowships
Fellowships are defined by the Accredited Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) as training in subspecialty graduate medical education programs. There are a variety of fellowship programs available in different specialties. These include:
Internal Medicine
Allergy & Immunology- 2years
Cardiovascular diseases- 3years
Cardiology- Adult Congenital Heart diseases- 1� year
Cardiology- Nuclear- 4 years
Cardiology- Vascular Medicine- 4 years
Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology- 4 years
Clinical Nutrition- 2 years
Critical Care Medicine- 2 years
Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism- 3years
Gastroenterology- 3years
Gastroenterology- Endoscopy- 4 years
Gastroenterology- Endoscopic Ultrasound- 4 years
Gastroenterology- Esophageal Diseases- 4 years
Gastroenterology- Hepatology- 4 years
Gastroenterology- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases- 4 years
Gastroenterology- Motility Disorders- 4 years
Gastroenterology- Pancreatology- 4 years
General Internal Medicine- 2 years
Geriatric Medicine- 2years
Hematology- 2 years
Hematology & Oncology- 3 years
Hospital Medicine- 2 years
Infectious Diseases- 2 years
Interventional Cardiology- 4 years
Nephrology- 2 years
Oncology- 2 years
Preventive Medicine- 2 years
Pulmonary Disease- 2 years
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine- 3 years
Rheumatology- 2 years
Sleep Medicine- 1 year
Sports Medicine- 1 year
Transplant Medicine- Blood & Bone Marrow- 1 year
Transplant Medicine- Liver- 1 year
Transplant Medicine- Cardiology- 1 year
Transplant Medicine- Infectious Diseases- 1 year
Transplant Medicine- Nephrology- 1 year &
Women�s Health- 2 years
Diagnostic Radiology
Abdominal Radiology- 1 or 2 years
Breast Imaging- 1 year
Chest Radiology- 1 or 2 years
Cardiothoracic Radiology- 1 year
Emergency Radiology- 1 year
Endovascular Surgical Neuroradiology
Image guided therapy- 1 or 2 years
Interventional Neuroradiology- 1 year
Magnetic Resonance Imaging- 1 or 2 years
Musculoskeletal Radiology- 1 year
Neuroradiology & Neuroimaging- 1 or 2 years
Nuclear Radiology- 1 year
Pediatric Radiology- 1 year &
Vascular & Interventional Radiology- 1 year
Pediatrics
Ambulatory pediatrics- 1 year
Adolescent Medicine- 1 year
Anesthesiology- 1 year
Developmental- Behavioral Pediatrics- 2-3 years
General Pediatrics- 2 or 3 years
Genetics/Dysmorphology- 3 years
Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine- 3 years
Pediatric Cardiology- 3 years
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine- 3 years
Pediatric Emergency Medicine- 2 years
Pediatric Endocrinology- 3 years
Pediatric Gastroenterology/Nutrition- 3 years
Pediatric Hematology & Oncology- 3 years
Pediatric Infectious Diseases- 3 years
Pediatric Nephrology- 2 years
Pediatric Pulmonology- 3 years
Pediatric Rheumatology- 2 years &
Pediatric Sports Medicine- 2 years
Dermatology
Dermatopathology � 1 year
Dermatopharmacology- 2 years
Mohs Micrographic surgery- 1 year
Pediatric Dermatology- 1 or 2 years &
Procedural Dermatology- 1 year
Emergency Medicine
Emergency Medical Services- 2 years
Government Emergency Medicine Security Services (GEMSS)- 2 years
Medical Toxicology- 2 years
Pediatric Emergency Medicine- 2 or 3 years
Practice Management- Administrative Fellowship- 2 years
Sports Medicine- 1 year &
Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine- 1 year
Plastic Surgery
Aesthetic- 1 year
Body Contouring- 1 year
Cleft Craniofacial Surgery- 1 year�
Hand & Microsurgery- 1 year
Laser- 1 year
Pediatric Plastic surgery- 1 year
Urology
Female Urology & Voiding Dysfunction- 1 year
Laparoscopic/reconstructive- 1 year
Pediatric Urology- 2 years
Pelvic Reconstructive- 1 year
Urologic Oncology- 2.5-3 years
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Female Pelvic/Reconstructive- 3 years
Gynecologic Oncology- 3 years
Maternal Fetal Medicine- 3 years &
Reproductive Endocrinology- 3 years
Psychiatry
Addiction Psychiatry- 1 year
Child & Adolescent Psychiatry- 1 year
Clinical Psychopharmacology- 1 year
Cognitive therapy- 1 year
Community Psychiatry- 1 year
Consultation Liaison- 1 year
Eating Disorders- 1 year
Forensic Psychiatry- 1 year
Geriatric Psychiatry- 1 year
Mood disorders- 1 year
Neurosciences- 1 year
Personality Disorders- 1 year
Psychotherapy Research- 1 year
Schizophrenia- 1 year
Sleep Disorders- 1 year
Social & Cultural Psychiatry- 1 year
Pain Medicine- 1 year &
Psychosomatic Medicine- 1 year
Family Medicine
Behavioral Medicine- 1 year
Community Health Center Director Development- 1 year
Emergency Medicine- 1 year
Fellowship in Clinical Research- 1 year
Geriatric Medicine- 1 year
Medical Editing/Faculty Development- 1 year
Obstetrics- 1 year
Primary Health Care Policy- 1 year
Primary Informatics- 1 year
Rural Medicine- 1 year
Women�s Health- 1 year &
Sports Medicine- 1 year
Orthopedics
Adult Reconstructive Orthopedics- 1 year
Foot & Ankle Orthopedics- 1 year
Hand Surgery- 1 year
Musculoskeletal Oncology- 1 year
Orthopedic Sports Medicine- 1 year
Orthopedic Surgery of the Spine- 1 year
Orthopedic Trauma- 1 year &
Pediatric Orthopedics- 1 year
Pathology
Blood banking/Transfusion Medicine- 1 or 2 years
Cardiovascular Respiratory- 1 year
Clinical Chemistry- 1 or 2 years
Chemical Pathology
Cytopathology- 1 or 2 years
Dermatopathology- 1 or 2 years
Forensic Pathology- 1 year
Gastrointestinal & Liver- 2 years
Genitourinary- 1 year
Gynecological- 2 years
Hematology- 1 year
Immunology- 1 or 2 years
Medical Microbiology- 1 or 2 years
Molecular Genetic Pathology- 2 or 3 years
Neuropathology- 2 years
Pediatric Pathology- 1 year
Renal Pathology-� 2 years
Surgical Pathology � 1 year
Selective Pathology- 1 year &
Transplantation Immunology- 1 or 2 years
Otolaryngology
Head & Neck Surgery- 1 year
Otology/Neurotology � 2 years &
Pediatric Otolaryngology- 2 years
Neurology
Behavioral Neurology/Dementia- 1 year
Child Neurology- 3 years
Clinical Neurophysiology (EEG/EMG)- 1 year
Movement Disorders- 1 or 2 years
Multiple Sclerosis- 3 years
Neuromuscular- 1 year
Neurophysiology & Epilepsy- 1 or 2 years
Pain Medicine- 1 year
Vascular Neurology/Stroke- 1 year
General Surgery
Burns- 1 year
Hand surgery- 1 year
Pediatric surgery- 2 years
Surgical Critical Care- 1 year
Transplant surgery � 1 or 2 years
Vascular Surgery- 2 years
Videoendoscopic surgery & swallowing- 1 year
Anesthesiology
Advanced Clinical- 1 year
Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology- 1 year
Critical Care Medicine- 1 year
Obstetric- 1 or 2 years
Pain Medicine- 1 year &
Pediatric Anesthesiology- 1 year
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Advanced Rehabilitation Research- 1year
Brain Injury Rehabilitation- 1 year
Pain Medicine- 1 year
Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine- 1 year &
Spinal Cord Injury Medicine- 1 or 2 years
Sports Rehabilitation Medicine- 1 year
General Preventive Medicine
Medical Toxicology- 2 years &
Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine- 1 year
Most of the fellowship training begins after successful completion of their residency. Some of these programs are ACGME accredited, while others are not.
Most applicants start their fellowship application during the second year of residency. The selection criteria include:
Strong research background with publications if possible
Strong recommendation letters from the residency program directors and faculty supervisors of the specialty
Good clinical and academic performance during residency training
Good interviewing skills
Each subspecialty has its own application process and deadlines, so it is best to check with the individual programs you are interested in. In general, some fellowship programs operate through the NRMP match, and some operate more like normal job interviews, where they offer or deny positions after each interview. See the NRMP fellowship match website www.nrmp.org/fellow/index.html for more information. Generally for the programs that participate in the Match, applicants submit their applications in November/December, interview in March/April, submit their rank lists in May, and match at the end of June. Keep in mind that you match to a program more than a year before your start date, so you must plan ahead. The rest of the specialties do not participate in the Match, and use their own timeline. For example in GI, typically, applicants submit their application in August-September, interview September-November, and hear about their acceptances/rejections while they are interviewing. So most people accepted know where they will be more than 18 months before the start of their fellowship. The timeline of the other subspecialties is generally: submit application October/November; interview and hear about offers December-February.
Competitive Fellowships in Internal Medicine

Most Competitive:
Cardiology
Gastroenterology
Allergy and Immunology

Moderately Competitive:
Pulmonary
Nephrology
Hematology/Oncology

Mildly Competitive:
Infectious Diseases
Endocrinology
Rheumatology
Geriatric Medicine
In 2000-2001, approximately 41% of graduating internal medicine residents went on to pursue different fellowships. It appears that in recent years since 2000, the percentage of IM graduates going on to fellowships is increasing, as the number of fellowship positions/1st year fellows are growing at a faster rate than the number of IM residency positions.

Number of first year fellows

In the year 2003-2004

Cardiology: 737
Gastroenterology: 498
Pulmonary: 73
Critical Care Medicine: 100
Pulmonary/Critical Care: 394
Nephrology: 420
Endocrinology: 243
Hematology: 17
Oncology: 66
Hematology/Oncology: 439
Infectious Diseases: 329
Rhemuatology: 171
Rhematology/Allergy and Immunology: 7
Geriatrics: 306

Fellowships 2002:

Cardiology:
No. of programs: 175
Total no. of fellows: 1,999
16.7% female
64.0% USMG
32.9% IMG
0.5% Canadian
2.6% DO

Interventional Cardiology:
No. of programs: 96
Total no. of fellows: 121
6.6% female
52.1% USMG
42.1% IMG
4.1% Canadian
1.7% DO

Cardiac Electrophysiology:
No. of programs: 77
Total no. of fellows: 103
8.7% female
48.5% USMG
41.7% IMG
3.9% DO

Critical Care Medicine:
No. of programs: 32
Total no. of fellows: 140
21.4% female
33.6% USMG
57.9% IMG
2.9% Canadian
5.7% DO

Endocrinology:
No. of programs: 118
Total no. of fellows: 437
52.6% female
57% USMG
40.0% IMG
2.3% DO

Gastroenterology:
No. of programs: 155
Total no. of fellows: 1,058
21.3% female
65.9% USMG
29.6% IMG
3.9% DO

Geriatric medicine:
No. of programs: 100
Total no. of fellows: 327
52.9% female
45.0% USMG
52.3% IMG
2.1% DO

Hematology:
No. of programs: 20
Total no. of fellows: 72
54.2% female
47.2% USMG
50.0% IMG
1.4% Canadian
1.4% DO

Oncology:
No. of programs: 27
Total no. of fellows: 199
35.7% female
58.8% USMG
38.7% IMG
2.5% DO

Hematology and oncology:
No. of programs: 115
Total no. of fellows: 911
39.5% female
47.2% USMG
39.8% IMG
0.7% Canadian
3.2% DO

Infectious diseases:
No. of programs: 139
Total no. of fellows: 625
42.4% female
56.2% USMG
40.0% IMG
1.4% Canadian
2.2% DO

Nephrology
No. of programs: 128
Total no. of fellows: 711
35.7% female
56.4% USMG
38.1% IMG
0.8% Canadian
4.6% DO

Pulmonary disease:
No. of programs: 31
Total no. of fellows: 114
21.9% female
17.5% USMG
78.1% IMG
4.4% DO

Pulmonary disease and critical care:
No. of programs: 121
Total no. of fellows: 995
24.8% female
57.6% USMG
37.8% IMG
0.5% Canadian
3.9% DO

Rheumatology:
No. of programs: 106
Total no. of fellows: 307
51.8% female
59.0% USMG
35.8% IMG
0.7% Canadian
4.6% DO

IM and Peds fellowships:

Allergy and immunology:
No. of programs: 70
Total No. of fellows: 255
49.4% female
77.6% USMG
19.6% IMG
0.4% Canadian
2.4% DO